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One Broadway

One Broadway is a building within a building: Strip away the 1921 Neo-Classical white limestone skin and you’ll find a red brick and brownstone Queen Anne-style structure built in 1887.

(For a rare look at the “before,” take a look at Archiseek‘s article.)

Also beneath the facade, you’ll find layers of history – condensed here from the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission report:

The 1887 building, built on the site of a home reputedly used by General Washington, was named the Washington Building. It was built for Cyrus W. Field, whose Atlantic Telegraph Company laid the first transatlantic telegraph cable. The architect, Edward H. Kendall, also designed the Gorham Mfg. Building and the Methodist Book Concern.

J.P. Morgan’s International Mercantile Marine Company (IMMC) bought the building in 1919; Walter B. Chambers re-designed the structure inside and out. With competitor Cunard Line just a few doors up Broadway, the International Mercantile Marine Company Building became the anchor for “Steamship Row.” IMMC operated numerous subsidiaries, including Titanic‘s White Star Line. By 1940 internal mergers reduced the company to United States Lines, which took over the building from 1941 to 1979. Allstate Life Insurance Co. bought the building at a foreclosure sale in 1992 and financed a $2 million restoration in 1993-1994.

The building is now occupied by a branch of Citibank and Kenyon & Kenyon LLP – an intellectual property law firm.

One Broadway Vital Statistics
One Broadway Recommended Reading

Google Map

Lefcourt Colonial Building

Lefcourt Colonial Building was among the last buildings developed by Abraham Lefcourt, one of New York’s “rags to riches to rags” stories.

Now known as 295 Madison Avenue, the 45-story Neo-Gothic tower is an architectural landmark without the official title. The distinctive blue terra cotta medallions and gilded finials are visible from most of midtown. The street level retail space and lobby have been thoroughly modernized, but above that, the six-story base is richly decorated with terra cotta, false balustrades and layered brickwork.

Lefcourt Colonial was auctioned off in foreclosure just two years after it was completed, as the Great Depression demolished Abraham Lefcourt’s real estate and banking empire. And the day after the Lefcourt Colonial was sold – for $3.5 million – the Sevilla Towers faced the same fate. Sevilla Towers was the Lefcourt-built apartment hotel, completed but not yet opened, now known as the Essex House.

Lefcourt Colonial has something in common with the Empire State Building, Chrysler Building and Statue of Liberty: You can buy a cast replica of the structure!

Lefcourt Colonial Building Vital Statistics
Lefcourt Colonial Building Recommended Reading

Google Map

Socony-Mobil Building

Socony-Mobil Building, aka 150 E 42nd Street, is another piece of New York City “love-it or hate-it” architecture. Landmarked in 2003 as an “impressive skyscraper” with “dramatic stainless steel arches,” it is also on some critics’ “ugliest buildings” list.

The original design, by John B. Peterkin, was a 30-story brick tower rising from a garden atop a three-story granite base. The developer, Galbreath Corporation, was unable to attract prime tenants, so in 1952 new architectural muscle was called in: Harrison & Abramovitz. Principals at that firm had worked with Galbreath on other projects and, incidentally, with the Rockefeller family during construction of New York icons Rockefeller Center and the United Nations.

The Harrison & Abramovitz-revised plan was for a 42-story tower with 13-story wings, clad in stainless steel. The firm was a pioneer in metal-clad architecture, earlier completing the Alcoa Building in Pittsburgh. Aluminum was considerably cheaper than stainless steel, but the steel industry agreed to match aluminum’s price for the opportunity to promote their product.

Why metal at all? Partly marketing – to give the building a modern identity. Partly structural – like glass, metal is lighter and thinner (leaves more rentable floor space) than masonry. Partly speed – metal panels go up faster than brick.

The 7,000 steel panels were embossed with four patterns (selected from more than 100): a rosette-like motif for above and below the windows; a large and small rosette to flank the windows, and two variants displaying a design of interlocking pyramids. These last panels are less wide and appear at the eighth floor where the ceiling is higher, or at the corners of the side elevations.

These controversial patterns were explained as necessary to stiffen the panels, diminish reflections, and create a self-cleaning surface (via wind and rain). The New Yorker‘s architecture critic, Lewis Mumford, called the design a “disaster” and said that the elevations looked as if they were “coming down with measles.”

The “self-cleaning” aspect wasn’t entirely accurate – the building was scrubbed with detergent in 1995.

The building’s four-story blue glass base, not nearly as controversial, is no less striking. The E 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue facades feature massive shallow eyebrow arches of stainless steel, resting on granite piers.

One wonders: Did the architects realize how well the Socony-Mobil Building frames the stainless steel spire of the Chrysler Building across the street? It’s a spectacular photo op!

Trivia: According to the building’s website, elevators to the top floors operate at 1,200 feet per minute, while elevators in the lowest floors operate at only 500 feet per minute.

Socony-Mobil Building Vital Statistics
Socony-Mobil Building Recommended Reading

Google Map

Croisic Building

Croisic Building, aka 220 Fifth Avenue, is picturesque Gothic-styled architecture visible for blocks because of its two-story copper mansard roof. On closer inspection, the terra cotta gargoyles, eagles and other decoration are equally impressive.

The Flatiron/23rd Street Partnership “Discover Flatiron” brochure claims that actress Ethel Barrymore resided at Croisic Building. That seems unlikely, because the building was always a commercial office building. However, some sources say the site was previously occupied by a Croisic apartment hotel, where she might have stayed (her Broadway debut was in 1895, before the current Croisic Building was erected). Other sources note that actor Richard Mansfield lived at the hotel.

Currently, Croisic Building seems to host a colony of architects – if you Google the address, the first pages are dominated by architect listings.

Trivia: According to New York Songlines, Croisic Building is across the street from the nonexistent 221 Fifth Avenue, home of Napoleon Solo, Man From U.N.C.L.E.

Croisic Building Vital Statistics
Croisic Building Recommended Reading

Google Map

Cass Gilbert

Cass Gilbert

Cass Gilbert (1859-1934) designed seven New York City landmarks between 1900 and 1934, among dozens of his notable works of architecture across the U.S.

← 1907 photo in Minnesota Encyclopedia (source: Wikipedia)

While best known to New Yorkers for the Woolworth Building, Gilbert also designed the Capitols of Minnesota, Arkansas and West Virginia, and the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.

Born in Ohio, Gilbert rose to prominence in Minnesota when he was selected to design the new State Capitol in St. Paul. His Brazer Building in Boston led to a commission to his first New York commission, the Broadway Chambers Building. During that building’s construction, Gilbert moved to New York.

(Don’t confuse Cass Gilbert with his son – Cass Gilbert, Jr. – or with C.P.H. Gilbert. Cass Gilbert, Jr. supervised completion of the Thurgood Marshall US Courthouse that his father designed before he died. C.P.H. [Charles Pierrepont Henry] Gilbert is best known for mansions and townhouses.) Trivia: Cass and C.P.H. do have a connection, via Frank W. Woolworth: Woolworth hired Cass to design the Woolworth Building, but hired C.P.H. to design his personal mansion.

Cass Gilbert Representative Buildings
Cass Gilbert Suggested Reading

Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House

Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House is one of New York City’s most important landmarks, both for its history and for its architecture.

Historically, this is the site of New York’s first Custom House; the first building burned down. The choice of architect was the first major use of the 1893 Tarnsey Act, which allowed private architects to design public buildings. Cass Gilbert won the commission, after heated (and controversial) competition. The United States Custom House also served as a test of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission: In 1965 the then-new agency was designating a federal building as a city landmark, and the regional administrator for the General Services Administration (GSA) argued that the city had no authority to regulate federal property. (Nonetheless, the city returned in 1979 to declare the interior as a landmark!)

The building was hugely important to the nation: Import duties charged here and at other ports financed the government, in the days before an income tax. The Customs Service moved to the World Trade Center in 1971. The building was empty for a decade, and slated for demolition until Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D, NY) sponsored a bill to restore the Custom House. Additional legislation required the GSA to find new uses for unused federal buildings (they needed a law to figure that out?). Now, the building is shared by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court, the National Archives, and the National Museum of the American Indian (Smithsonian Institution).

You can’t tell it from these photos, but the Custom House is actually trapezoidal: The back of the building is wider than the front.

Cass Gilbert’s Beaux Arts design is filled with symbolism and references to classical architecture. The four monumental sculptures in front of the building, sculpted by Daniel Chester French, represent the continents Asia, Africa, America, and Europe. Statues representing 12 seafaring nations stand above the front facade’s columns; the Corinthian capitals of the columns include the head of Mercury (representing commerce); second-story windows are topped by heads representing the “eight races of mankind.”

How did Belgium wind up among the top 12 seafaring nations? According to “Secret New York, An Unusual Guide,” the statue was originally Germany, but ordered changed after the outbreak of World War I.

Interior details are equally rich (and also designated a New York City Landmark). New York artist Reginald Marsh painted the murals in the second floor rotunda, as part of a Treasury Relief Art Project (an offspring of the W.P.A.) in 1937.

(The GSA has an extensive photo gallery showing interior details.)

Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House Vital Statistics
Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House Recommended Reading

Google Map

C.P.H. Gilbert

230px-C_P_H_Gilbert C.P.H. Gilbert (1861-1952), is best known for his lavish mansion and townhouse architecture for New York’s wealthiest citizens. Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert, a native New Yorker, studied engineering and architecture in the U.S. and abroad, including at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Gilbert initially designed buildings in Colorado and Arizona, but returned to New York in 1885.

(portrait photo source: Wikipedia)

C.P.H. Gilbert designed more than 100 mansions in Brooklyn and Manhattan, several of which are designated New York City landmarks. A few of his Fifth Avenue mansions have been converted to institutional use – notably the Ukrainian Institute (former Harry F. Sinclair House) and the Jewish Museum (former Felix M. Warburg House).

Don’t confuse C.P.H. Gilbert with Cass Gilbert. Cass Gilbert is best known for monumental commercial and civic architecture. Trivia: Cass and C.P.H. do have a connection, via Frank W. Woolworth: Woolworth hired Cass to design the Woolworth Building, but hired C.P.H. to design his personal mansion.

C.P.H. Gilbert Representative Buildings
C.P.H. Gilbert Suggested Reading

Helmut Jahn

Helmut Jahn (1940 – ) is a German-born, Chicago-based architect of international renown, with five colorfully distinctive New York towers (and one mid-rise) under his belt. The proposed but not built Television City would have been a record-breaker on behalf of The Donald (Trump). A new Jahn-designed tower – 50 West Street – is now underway.

After emigrating to the U.S., Jahn studied at the Illinois Institute of Technology under famed Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. He joined the firm of C.F. Murphy Associates in 1967. The roof of Jahn’s first major project, Kemper Arena (1974), collapsed in 1979. But his practice hardly skipped a beat: Eight major projects filled the years 1980-1986. In 1987-1989 he exploded on the New York scene with six projects: Office towers 425 Lexington Avenue, City Spire, International Plaza, and Park Avenue Tower, plus America Apartments. A smaller project – the 12-story Metropolitan Transportation Authority Building located in Brooklyn – was completed in 1989.

Jahn also designed Donald Trump’s proposed 150-story Television City.

After nearly 30 years’ absence, Jahn design is again under construction in New York. The long-dormant 50 West Street project, a 63-story mixed-use tower, is slated for 2016 completion.

Helmut Jahn New York Buildings
Helmut Jahn Suggested Reading

De Lamar Mansion

The De Lamar Mansion (Joseph Raphael De Lamar House), now the Polish Consulate General in New York, is a prime example of Beaux Arts architecture in New York.

C.P.H. Gilbert designed this for Joseph De Lamar, who struck it rich in the Colorado Gold Rush and wanted a home fit to enter New York’s high society. Besides towering over neighboring mansions (such as J.P. Morgan’s home across the street), the De Lamar mansion had the unheard-of luxury of an underground garage, served by electric hoist. [See Daytonian in Manhattan]

Joseph and his 10-year-old daughter Alice – he was divorced – lived in the palatial home with nine servants.

After Joseph died in 1918, Alice moved out and sold the mansion to the American Bible Society, which later sold it to the National Democratic Club. Much later (1973), the Republic of Poland bought the mansion to house its consulate.

De Lamar Mansion Vital Statistics
De Lamar Mansion Recommended Reading

Google Map

January Landmarks

These NYC landmarks celebrate their Landmarks Preservation Commission designation anniversaries in January

Types: I=Individual; S=Scenic; HD=Historic District

Type Borough Day Year Landmark Built Architect(s) Style Link
HD M 3 1984 West End Collegiate Historic District [pdf]
I M 5 1988 Ed Sullivan Theater (Originally Hammerstein’s Theater), first floor interior 1927 Herbert J. Krapp Gothic [pdf]
I M 5 1988 Winter Garden Theater, first floor interior 1885 W. Albert Swasey; Herbert J. Krapp; Francesca Russo N/A [pdf]
I M 5 1993 Mount Morris Bank Building (Later the Corn Exchange Bank, Mount Morris Branch) 1883 Lamb & Rich, Frank A. Rooke Romanesque Revival [pdf]
I M 5 1993 Washington Apartments 1883 Mortimer C. Merritt Queen Anne [pdf]
I M 5 1993 (Former) Century Association Building 1869 Gambrill & Richardson neo-Grec [pdf]
I M 8 1991 The Diller Residence 1899 Gilbert A. Schellenger Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 8 1991 The Kleeberg Residence 1896 C.P.H. Gilbert Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 8 1991 The Prentiss Residence 1899 C.P.H. Gilbert Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 8 1991 The Sutphen Residence 1901 C.P.H. Gilbert Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I Q 8 1991 Flushing High School 1912 C.B.J. Snyder Gothic [pdf]
I BX 8 2002 Begrisch Hall at Bronx Community College 1956 Marcel Breuer & Associates Postmodern [pdf]
I B 9 1979 Flatbush Dutch Reformed Church Parsonage 1853 UNKNOWN Greek Revival [pdf]
I M 9 1979 United States Custom House (interior) 1907 Cass Gilbert Beaux Arts [pdf]
I B 10 1978 Public School 111 1867 Samuel B. Leonard, James W. Naughton Romanesque Revival [pdf]
I BX 10 1978 Bartow-Pell Mansion, Expanded Landmark Site 1842 UNKNOWN Greek Revival [pdf]
I BX 10 1978 Public School 15 1877 Simon Williams N/A [pdf]
I M 10 1978 Public School 9 Annex 1895 James W. Naughton Romanesque Revival [pdf]
HD BX 10 2006 Fieldston Historic District [pdf]
I BX 11 1967 Christ Church 1866 Richard Upjohn & Son Victorian Gothic [pdf]
I BX 11 1967 Rainey Memorial Gates 1934 Charles A. Platt Art Deco [pdf]
I M 11 1967 America-Israel Cultural Foundation (formerly the William H. Moore House) 1898 McKim, Mead & White Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 11 1967 Bouwerie Lane Theatre (originally the Bond Street Savings Bank) 1873 Henry Engelbert, Steven Harris Architects French Second Empire [pdf]
I M 11 1967 Marble Collegiate Reformed Church 1851 Samuel A. Warner Mixed [pdf]
I M 11 1967 New York Public Library 1898 Carrere & Hastings; Davis Brody Bond; WJE Engineers and Architects Beaux Arts [pdf]
I M 11 1967 The Century Association 1889 McKim, Mead & White; Jan Hird Pokorny Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 11 1967 The Harvard Club of NYC 1893 McKim, Mead & White; Henry Cobb; Davis Brody Bond Georgian [pdf]
I M 11 1967 The University Club 1897 McKim, Mead & White; Peter Gisolfi Architects Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 11 1967 West End Collegiate Church and Collegiate School 1892 Robert W. Gibson Dutch/Flemish Renaissance [pdf]
I B 11 1977 Saint George’s Protestant Episcopal Church 1886 Richard M. Upjohn Gothic [pdf]
I M 11 1977 Barbara Rutherford Hatch Residence 1917 Frederick J. Sterner Spanish Colonial/Italian Renaissance [pdf]
I M 11 1977 Henry T. Sloane Residence 1894 Carrere & Hastings; RBSD Architects Beaux Arts [pdf]
I M 11 1977 Oliver Gould Jennings Residence 1898 Flagg & Chambers; RSBD Architects Beaux Arts [pdf]
I Q 11 1977 Prospect Cemetery 1668 N/A N/A [pdf]
I Q 11 1977 Allen-Beville House 1848 UNKNOWN Greek Revival [pdf]
I B 11 2011 Childs Restaurant Building 1917 John C. Westervelt Spanish Revival [pdf]
I M 11 2011 Haskin & Sells Building 1912 Frederick C. Zobel Renaissance [pdf]
I M 12 1999 Nicholas C. and Agnes Benziger House 1890 William Schickel Medieval [pdf]
I BX 12 2010 (Former) Dollar Savings Bank 1919 Renwick, Aspinwall & Tucker neo-Classical [pdf]
I M 12 2010 311 Broadway Building 1856 UNKNOWN Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 12 2010 West Park Presbyterian Church 1883 Leopold Eidlitz; Henry Kilburn; Ludlow & Peabody Romanesque Revival [pdf]
I Q 12 2010 Public School 66 (Formerly the Brooklyn Hills School, Later the Oxford School, Now the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis School) 1898 Harry S. Chambers; C.B.J. Snyder Romanesque, Queen Anne [pdf]
I Q 12 2010 Ridgewood Theater Building 1916 Thomas W. Lamb Beaux Arts [pdf]
I S 12 2010 Mary and David Burgher House 1844 UNKNOWN Greek Revival [pdf]
I B 13 1998 New Utrecht Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery 1653 N/A N/A [pdf]
I B 13 1998 New Utrecht Reformed Dutch Church, Expanded Landmark Site, and Parish House 1828 Lawrence B. Volk Romanesque Revival [pdf]
I B 13 1998 (Former) Colored School No. 3 1879 Samuel B. Leonard Rundbogenstil [pdf]
I B 13 2009 Hubbard House 1835 Lawrence Ryder Dutch Colonial [pdf]
I M 13 2009 275 Madison Avenue Building 1930 Kenneth Franzheim Art Deco [pdf]
I M 13 2009 New York Public Library George Bruce Branch 1914 Carrere & Hastings Georgian Revival [pdf]
I M 13 2009 The New York Public Library, 125th Street Branch 1901 McKim, Mead & White Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I S 13 2009 John H. and Elizabeth J. Elsworth House 1880 N/A Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 14 1969 The Permanent Mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations 1903 Warren & Wetmore Louis XV [pdf]
HD M 14 1969 St. Mark’s Historic District N/A [pdf]
I BX 14 1992 MacCombs Dam Bridge (Originally Central Bridge) And 155th Street Viaduct 1890 Alfred Pancoast Boller N/A [pdf]
I M 14 1992 Ahrens Building 1894 George H. Griebel Romanesque Revival [pdf]
I M 14 1992 Broadway Chambers Building 1901 Cass Gilbert Beaux Arts [pdf]
I M 14 1992 Goelet Building (Now Swiss Center Building) 1930 Victor L.S. Hafner Art Deco/International [pdf]
I M 14 1992 Goelet Building (Now Swiss Center Building), first floor interior 1930 Victor L.S. Hafner Art Deco/International [pdf]
HD B 14 1997 Vinegar Hill Historic District [pdf]
I M 14 1997 14 Wall Street Building (Formerly Bankers Trust Building) 1910 Trowbridge & Livingston; Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I B 17 1968 Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead 1766 UNKNOWN Dutch Colonial [pdf]
I S 17 1968 Sleight Family Graveyard (Rossville (Blazing Star) Burial Ground) 1750 N/A N/A [pdf]
I S 17 1968 Staten Island Lighthouse 1912 UNKNOWN N/A [pdf]
I M 18 1966 263 Henry Street Building (A Part of the Henry Street Settlement House) 1827 UNKNOWN Federal [pdf]
I M 18 1966 265 Henry Street Building (A Part of the Henry Street Settlement House) 1827 UNKNOWN Federal [pdf]
I M 18 1966 267 Henry Street Building (A Part of the Henry Street Settlement House) 1834 UNKNOWN Federal [pdf]
I M 18 1966 Sea and Land Church 1817 UNKNOWN Georgian [pdf]
I M 18 1966 St. James Church 1837 Minard Lafever Greek Revival [pdf]
I M 18 1966 Chamber of Commerce Building 1901 James B. Baker Beaux Arts [pdf]
I M 18 1966 Fire House, Engine Company 31 1895 Napoleon LeBrun & Sons French Renaissance [pdf]
I M 24 1967 Abigail Adams Smith House (Headquarters of the Colonial Dames of America) 1799 UNKNOWN Federal [pdf]
I M 24 1967 116 East 80th Street House (formerly the Lewis Spencer Morris House) 1922 Cross & Cross Federal Revival [pdf]
I M 24 1967 Church of Notre Dame 1909 Dans & Otto; Cross & Cross Greek Revival [pdf]
I M 24 1967 Clarence Dillon House 1930 Mott B. Schmidt Georgian Revival [pdf]
I M 24 1967 Edward S. Harkness House 1907 James Gamble Rogers Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 24 1967 Museum of the City of New York 1929 Joseph H. Freedlander; Polshek Partnership Architects Georgian Colonial [pdf]
I M 24 1967 The Yorkville Branch of the NY Public Library 1902 James Brown Lord Palladian [pdf]
I M 27 1976 City Hall, first floor interior 1803 John McComb Jr. and Joseph F. Mangin Federal, French Renaissance [pdf]
I M 27 1976 Lescaze House 1933 William Lescaze International [pdf]
I M 27 1976 Municipal Asphalt Plant 1941 Kahn & Jacobs N/A [pdf]
S B 28 1975 Ocean Parkway 1874 Olmstead & Vaux N/A [pdf]
I M 28 1975 Central Savings Bank 1926 York & Sawyer; SLCE Architects Classical [pdf]
I M 28 1975 Verdi Square 1906 N/A N/A [pdf]
I M 29 1980 130-134 East 67th Street Apartment Building 1907 Charles A. Platt Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 29 1980 149-151 East 67th Street Building (Former Mount Sinai Dispensary) 1889 Buchman & Deisler; Brunner & Tryon Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 29 1980 Park East Synagogue 1889 Schneider & Herter Moorish Revival [pdf]
I M 29 1985 Former Coty Building 1907 Woodruff Leeming; Beyer Blinder Belle Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I M 29 1985 Rizzoli Building 1907 Albert S. Gottlieb Renaissance Revival [pdf]
HD M 29 2002 Murray Hill Historic District [pdf]
I M 30 2001 (Former) Aberdeen Hotel (Now Best Western Manhattan Hotel) 1902 Harry B. Mulliken Beaux Arts [pdf]
I Q 30 1996 La Casina 1933 Li-Saltzman Architects Moderne [pdf]
I S 30 2001 August and Augusta Schoverling House 1880 UNKNOWN Second Empire [pdf]
I S 30 2001 Louis A. and Laura Stirn House 1908 Kafka & Lindenmeyr Renaissance Revival [pdf]
I S 30 2001 Staten Island Family Courthouse (Originally the Staten Island Children’s Courthouse) 1930 Sibley & Fetherston Georgian [pdf]
I M 30 2006 Church of All Saints (Roman Catholic) 1883 Renwick, Aspinwall & Russell; William W. Renwick Gothic [pdf]
I M 30 2007 Horn & Hardart Automat-Cafeteria Building 1930 F.P. Platt & Brother Art Deco [pdf]
I M 30 2007 St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Church 1902 William W. Renwick Gothic [pdf]